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This chapter examines Africa's disempowered position through the lens of all four industrial revolutions and their continuing impact. It provides a comprehensive analysis of Africa's historical and contemporary challenges in technological development.
The chapter uses the metaphor of the "eunuch condition" to describe Africa's position in the global technological order—present but disempowered, visible but without agency. Prof. Benyera traces how each of the four industrial revolutions has left its "footprints" on Africa, creating patterns of dependency and exploitation that persist into the digital age.
By examining these historical continuities, the chapter provides a powerful conclusion to the book's argument about the recolonization of Africa through data extraction. It calls for a fundamental rethinking of Africa's relationship with technology and global powers, emphasizing the need for African agency and sovereignty in shaping technological futures that benefit African peoples.